Are Tamed Animals In Ark Weaker Than Wuld

HISTORY OF THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS

Hunting species: 20,000-x,000 years ago
During the nearly contempo water ice age, from about 20,000 years ago (see Ice Ages), big mammals such as bison roam on the sub-arctic tundra of Europe and Asia. They are preyed upon past ii groups of hunters, both much smaller and weaker than themselves - but both with a sufficiently developed social organization to enable them to chase and kill in packs. These hunters are humans and wolves.
The typical pack of wolves and of humans is surprisingly similar. It is family unit-based, led by a ascendant male whose female person partner is likely to accept an authorization 2nd only to his. Members of the group are friendly to each other but deeply suspicious of outsiders. All members (non just the parents) are protective of the newly born and the young. Both species are adept at interpreting the moods of others in the grouping, whether through facial expression or other forms of body language. Legend acknowledges these shared characteristics in stories of children suckled by wolves. The other side of the same coin, in real life, means that wolf cubs adapt hands to life amidst humans.
For mutual benefit
Humans and wolves are competing for the same casualty, simply there are advantages for both in teaming up. For the wolf, human ingenuity and the utilize of weapons mean a share in a greater number of kills - and perhaps even an occasional gustatory modality of larger victims, such as mammoth. For humans, the wolf'due south speed and ferocity is equivalent to a new weapon. The partnership is natural. And so, undoubtedly, is how it get-go comes about. People love to nurture any abased immature beast, and a wolf cub is well adapted to learn the rules of a hierarchical human society (in which its place will be low). From this partnership all dogs derive. Unbelievable though information technology seems, every single brood of canis familiaris is descended from wolves.
For a species to become domesticated, it must be willing to breed in man's company. 'Breed in captivity', the more than usual phrase, implies a simple case of exploitation. The reality is more complex. In terms of survival, those species which have developed a relationship with human being have far outstripped their wild cousins. The most numerous large mammals, apart from humans, are cows, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and dogs. Domestic cats easily outnumber their wild equivalents, as do chickens and turkeys. The domestication of animals is based on an ancient contract, with benefits on both sides, between man and the ancestors of the breeds familiar to us today.
Dogs: from 12,000 years ago
The earliest known evidence of a domesticated canis familiaris is a jawbone found in a cave in Iraq and dated to about 12,000 years ago. It differs from a wolf in that information technology has been bred to take a smaller jaw and teeth. Selective breeding affects a species quite quickly, and is a natural process for human being to initiate - probably at kickoff past accident rather than intention. A particular puppy in a litter is favoured because information technology has an attractive glaze, barks well, is unusually friendly or obedient, noticeably large or small. This is the domestic dog which is kept and in its plough has puppies. Its desirable characteristics become perpetuated.
Images in Egyptian paintings, Assyrian sculptures and Roman mosaics reveal that by the fourth dimension of these civilizations in that location are many dissimilar shapes and sizes of dog. To utilize the word 'brood' may be anachronistic, though there is testify that a domestic dog very like the present-24-hour interval Pekingese (almost equally far as one can get from a wolf) exists in China by the 1st century Advertizing. By that time Roman ladies also have lap dogs; their warmth is believed to be a cure for breadbasket ache. A Roman writer of the menses gives similarly applied reasons for selecting the colour of a dog: shepherds' dogs should exist white (to distinguish them from wolves in the nighttime) only a farmyard canis familiaris should accept a blackness glaze (to affright thieves).
Sheep and goats, cattle and pigs: 9000-7000 BC
The first animals known to have been domesticated as a source of food are sheep in the Eye East. The proof is the high proportion of bones of one-twelvemonth-old sheep discarded in a settlement at Shanidar, in what is now northern Iraq. Goats follow soon afterward, and these two become the standard animals of the nomadic pastoralists - tribes which motility all year long with their flocks, guided by the availability of fresh grass. Cattle and pigs, associated more with settled communities, are domesticated slightly after - merely probably not long after 7000 BC. The ox may first take been bred by humans in western Asia. The grunter is probably first domesticated in China.
The start reason for herding sheep and goats, or keeping cattle and pigs in the village, is to secure a regular supply of fresh meat. The hunter is dependent on the luck of the chase; if more animals are killed than tin can be immediately consumed, meals from the surplus volition be increasingly unpleasant equally the days go past. The herdsman, by contrast, has a living larder always to manus and a supply of dairy products also. These animals also provide for well-nigh every other demand of neolithic human. While they are alive, they produce dung to manure the crops. When they are dead, leather and wool for garments; horn and os for abrupt points, of needles or arrows; fatty for tallow candles; hooves for glue.
Draught animals: from 4000 BC
Of the four basic farm animals, cattle stand for the about significant development in village life. Not only does the cow provide much more milk than its own offspring require, merely the brute strength of the ox is an unprecedented addition to homo's musculus power. From near 4000 BC oxen are harnessed and put to work. They drag sledges and, somewhat later, ploughs and wheeled wagons (an well-nigh simultaneous innovation in the Middle East and in Europe). The plow immeasurably increases the ingather of wheat or rice. The carriage enables it to exist brought dwelling from more distant fields.
India and southeast Asia use another version of the domesticated ox, well adapted to hot wet atmospheric condition - the h2o buffalo. Whether dragging a plough-like tool through a flooded field or hauling a cart on a dry rail, the buffalo is ideally suited to the role of a farm animal in rice-growing areas. Like other members of the ox family, it likewise provides a good supply of milk. The buffalo is first domesticated somewhere in the near-tropical regions of Asia. Precisely where or when is not known, but buffaloes characteristic as domestic animals on the seals of the Indus civilization.
Cats: from before 3000 BC
Apart from dogs, cats are the only domesticated animals to dwell indoors with humans. Information technology is also the merely one which is solitary in the wild, as opposed to living in packs, herds or flocks. Every bit a result the cat has been able to accept what it wants from man (food, shelter, play) and to pay its dues in return (pest control) without losing contact with its original identity. Cats have remained closer than other domesticated animals to their wild cousins, partly because information technology is so hard to command their breeding. And they are more than able than whatever other to fend for themselves, in the state or even in a city, if homo back up is withdrawn.
Information technology is non known when cats are commencement domesticated. But past the time of the earliest civilization they accept already acquired in the human mind a characteristic which they have never lost - the quality of mystery. In the temples of Egypt cats are sacred animals, and are mummified in their millions. In folk stories of all nations a cat is the natural companion for people who possess an alarming 2d sight, such as witches.

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Source: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=ayn

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